Welcome!

You do not have any spare time to play with - Sacramento to DC via Phoenix is over 3000 miles and is a 5.5 day drive. Leaving on the 23rd will leave you NO time for contingencies, such as a storm delay.

You have 2 decent options from Phoenix - I-17 to Flagstaff, then I-40/I-81/I-66 - or I-10/I-20/I-30 to Little Rock, then I-40/I-81/I-66. Just before leaving Phoenix, check on road conditions and forecasts and make your decision.

Have you considered flying or taking Amtrak?